🐪 Perl — Guide PRO (Modern Perl / CPAN / Web / DBI / Tests)

# perlbrew
curl -L https://install.perlbrew.pl | bash
perlbrew init && perlbrew install perl-5.38.0 && perlbrew switch perl-5.38.0

# plenv
git clone https://github.com/tokuhirom/plenv ~/.plenv
~/.plenv/bin/plenv install 5.38.0 && ~/.plenv/bin/plenv global 5.38.0

# cpanm + Carton
cpanm Carton
echo 'requires "Mojolicious", "==9.45";' > cpanfile
carton install
carton exec perl -MMojolicious -e 'say $Mojolicious::VERSION'

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

use v5.36; use strict; use warnings; use utf8;
my $s = "Hello"; my @a = (1,2,3); my %h = (k=>'v');
say $h{k};
# refs
my $ar = \@a; my $hr = \%h;
say $ar->[0]; say $hr->{k};
# sub signatures
sub add($x,$y){ return $x+$y }
say add(2,40);

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;
my $s = "user:42 email:foo@example.com";
if($s =~ /email:([A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,})/){ say $1 }
# lookaround
"abc123xyz" =~ /(?<=abc)\d+(?=xyz)/ and say $&;
# named captures
"foo=99" =~ /(?\w+)=(?\d+)/; say "$+{key} -> $+{val}";
# atomic & possessive
"aaaaab" =~ /a++b/ and say "OK possessive";

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

# Compter lignes
perl -ne 'END{print $.,"\n"}' file.txt
# Extraire emails uniques
perl -ne 'print "$1\n" if /([A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+)/' *.log | sort -u
# Remplacer in-place (backup)
perl -i.bak -pe 's/DEBUG\s*=\s*1/DEBUG=0/' app.conf
# JSON pretty
perl -MJSON::PP -e 'print encode_json({ok=>1})'

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

cpanm Mojolicious DBI DBIx::Class Cpanel::JSON::XS YAML::XS
echo 'requires "DBI"; requires "Mojolicious";' > cpanfile
carton install
# META workflow
perl Makefile.PL && make && make test && make install

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

use v5.36; use Moo;
has 'name', is=>'rw';
sub greet($self){ say "Hi, " . $self->name }
my $o = __PACKAGE__->new(name=>'Ada'); $o->greet;

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

use DBI;
my $dbh = DBI->connect("dbi:Pg:dbname=app","user","pass",{RaiseError=>1,AutoCommit=>1});
my $tx = eval {
  $dbh->begin_work;
  my $sth = $dbh->prepare("INSERT INTO users(name) VALUES(?) RETURNING id");
  $sth->execute("Ada");
  my ($id) = $sth->fetchrow_array;
  $dbh->commit; $id;
}; if($@){ $dbh->rollback; die $@ }
print "new id=$tx\n";

# DBIx::Class schema (simplifié)
package My::Schema; use base 'DBIx::Class::Schema'; __PACKAGE__->load_namespaces;
package My::Schema::Result::User; use base 'DBIx::Class::Core';
__PACKAGE__->table('users');
__PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/id name/); __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('id');
# usage
my $schema = My::Schema->connect('dbi:Pg:dbname=app','user','pass');
$schema->resultset('User')->create({name=>'Ada'});

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

use v5.36; use autodie; use open ':std', ':encoding(UTF-8)';
open my $fh, '<:encoding(UTF-8)', 'in.txt';
while(my $l = <$fh>){ print $l }

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

use IPC::Open3; use Symbol 'gensym';
my $err = gensym;
my $pid = open3(undef, \*OUT, $err, 'ls','-la');
while(){ print } while(<$err>){ warn } waitpid $pid, 0;

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

use Mojolicious::Lite;
plugin 'Config';
under sub($c){ return 1 if $c->req->headers->header('X-Token') // '' eq 'secret'; $c->render(text=>'401',status=>401); return undef; };
get '/health' => sub ($c){ $c->render(json=>{ok=>1}) };
post '/echo'   => sub ($c){ $c->render(json=>$c->req->json) };
websocket '/ws' => sub($c){ $c->on(message=>sub($c,$msg){ $c->send("echo:$msg") }) };
app->start;

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

use Dancer2; get '/hi' => sub { 'hello' }; dance;

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

my $app = sub {
  my $env = shift;
  return [200, ['Content-Type'=>'text/plain'], ['hello']];
};
use Plack::Builder;
builder {
  enable 'Deflater';
  enable 'AccessLog';
  $app;
};

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

[% SET name = 'world' %]
Hello [% name | upper %]!
[% FOREACH u IN users %]- [% u.name %]\n[% END %]

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

use Test::More;
use Test::Mojo;
my $t = Test::Mojo->new('MyApp'); # Mojolicious::Lite app in lib/MyApp.pm
$t->get_ok('/health')->status_is(200)->json_is('/ok'=>1);
done_testing();

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

perl -MDevel::NYTProf script.pl
nytprofhtml --open
# micro-bench
use Benchmark qw/:all/;
cmpthese(-1, { split => sub { my @x = split /,/, 'a,b,c' },
               regex => sub { 'a,b,c' =~ /(.+),(.+),(.+)/ } });

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

perl -d script.pl
# b (breakpoint), s / n (step/next), p expr, x \@array

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

use utf8; use open ':std', ':encoding(UTF-8)'; binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
print "éàï — OK\n";

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

#!/usr/bin/env perl -T
$ENV{PATH} = '/usr/bin:/bin'; delete @ENV{qw(IFS CDPATH ENV BASH_ENV)};
# Safe open
use autodie; open my $fh, '<', '/var/app/input.txt';
# Validate args
die "bad" unless ($ARGV[0] // '') =~ /^[a-z0-9_-]{1,32}$/i;

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

# cron
* * * * * /usr/bin/carton exec -- perl /srv/app/worker.pl >>/var/log/app/worker.log 2>&1
# tail syslog
perl -MFile::Tail -e '$f=File::Tail->new("/var/log/syslog"); while(defined($l=$f->read)){print $l}'

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

# Dockerfile
FROM perl:5.38
WORKDIR /app
COPY cpanfile* ./
RUN cpanm Carton && carton install
COPY . .
CMD ["carton","exec","plackup","-Ilib","app.psgi"]
# GitHub Actions (extrait)
- uses: shogo82148/actions-setup-perl@v1
  with: { perl-version: '5.38' }
- run: cpanm Carton && carton install
- run: prove -lr t/

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

use FFI::Platypus; my $ffi=FFI::Platypus->new(api=>1);
$ffi->lib('libm.so.6');
my $cos = $ffi->function(cos => ['double'] => 'double');
print $cos->call(0.0);

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

use DateTime; say DateTime->now->iso8601;

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

use Cpanel::JSON::XS qw(encode_json decode_json);
use YAML::XS qw(Load Dump);
print encode_json({ok=>1}), "\n";
print Dump({foo=>[1,2,3]});

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

use Email::Stuffer;
Email::Stuffer->from('x@y')->to('z@w')->subject('Hi')->text_body('ok')->send;

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

use Mojo::UserAgent;
my $ua = Mojo::UserAgent->new; $ua->inactivity_timeout(5);
say $ua->get('https://ifconfig.me')->result->body;

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

use Mojo::UserAgent;
my $tx = Mojo::UserAgent->new->get('https://example.com')->result;
say $_->all_text for $tx->dom->find('a')->each;

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

use Mojolicious::Lite; plugin Minion => { SQLite=>'sqlite:tmp.db' };
app->minion->add_task(slow => sub ($job,$n){ sleep $n; $job->finish('ok') });
get '/enqueue' => sub ($c){ my $id = $c->minion->enqueue(slow=>[2]); $c->render(text=>$id) };
app->start;

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

use Getopt::Long::Descriptive;
my ($opt,$usage) = describe_options('%c %o','--host=s','--port=i');
print $usage->text if $opt->help;

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

use Log::Log4perl;
Log::Log4perl->easy_init($INFO);
my $log=Log::Log4perl->get_logger; $log->info('ok');

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;

• perldoc.perl.org
• modernperlbooks.com
• mojolicious.org
• metacpan.org
• dbix-class.org

• `use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;`
• `use autodie;` pour IO/process
• Encodage explicite (`open` layers, `binmode`)

• Globals implicites
• Regex gourmandes non ancrées
• `system` sans vérification d'état

1. Shebang `#!/usr/bin/env perl`
2. `strict/warnings` activés
3. `carton install` deps verrouillées
4. `perltidy`/`perlcritic` en CI

# t/01_basic.t
use Test::More; ok(1,'loaded'); done_testing();

# Template snippet
use v5.36; use strict; use warnings;