
đȘ Windows Server â Guide Complet (AD âą IIS âą Hyper-V âą SĂ©curitĂ© âą Cloud)
Plateforme serveur Microsoft : Active Directory, IIS, Hyper-V, fichiers/impression, gestion centralisĂ©e (GPO), patching & hardening. IdĂ©al pour dĂ©montrer des compĂ©tences âEnterprise IT / Infraâ.
Windows Server : versions & positionnement
LTSC vs AC, éditions, core vs desktop experience, choix selon usage.
LTSCEnterpriseEditionsInstallation & post-install
ISO/VM, drivers, Server Core, WinRM, updates, baseline âprod-readyâ.
InstallCoreWinRMRĂŽles & Features
AD DS, DNS, DHCP, IIS, File Server, RDS, WSUS : quand/ pourquoi.
RolesADIISActive Directory (AD DS) & GPO
Domaine, OU, users/groups, GPO, Kerberos, bonnes pratiques.
AD DSGPOKerberosIIS & Web Hosting
Sites, app pools, TLS, reverse proxy, logs, perf, durcissement.
IISTLSWebHyper-V & virtualisation
VMs, switches, storage, checkpoints, perf, HA (selon design).
Hyper-VVMvSwitchStorage & File Services
NTFS/ReFS, SMB, quotas, DFS, permissions, audit, sauvegardes.
SMBNTFSDFSSécurité & hardening
Firewall, Defender, BitLocker, LAPS, baselines, patching, audit.
DefenderFirewallHardeningPowerShell (admin moderne)
Cmdlets, remoting, scripts, DSC (principes), modules, runbooks.
PowerShellAutomationRemotingUpdates : WSUS / WUfB / SCCM
Stratégies patching, rings, maintenance windows, rollback.
WSUSWUfBSCCMMonitoring & logs
Event Viewer, PerfMon, ETW, Sysmon, centralisation, alerting.
PerfMonEventsSIEMTroubleshooting pro
Playbook incidents : boot, DNS, AD, services, perf, réseau.
RunbookIncidentsDiagCloud : Azure & AWS
VMs, images, domain join, hybrid, patch, sauvegardes, DR.
AzureAWSHybridMigration & stratĂ©gie âEnterpriseâ
Upgrade, in-place vs side-by-side, AD upgrade path, tests & cutover.
MigrationStrategyCutoverCanaux : LTSC vs AC
| Canal | Idée | Quand | Exemples |
|---|---|---|---|
| LTSC | stabilité long terme | prod enterprise | Windows Server 2025 (LTSC actuel) |
| AC | innovation plus frĂ©quente | workloads âmovingâ | Windows Server v23H2 (AC) |

Ăditions (logique)
| Ădition | Positionnement | Use-cases | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard | généraliste | AD/IIS/File servers | licensing selon ton modÚle |
| Datacenter | virtualisation/scale | Hyper-V, SDS, gros environnements | features avancées |
| Azure Edition | cloud-centric | hotpatching / intégrations | selon scénarios Azure |
Server Core : pourquoi câest âinfra matureâ
- Moins de surface dâattaque (moins de composants GUI)
- Moins de patchs / moins de reboots (souvent)
- Admin via PowerShell, Windows Admin Center, remoting
- Standardisation dâimages (golden images)
# infos rapides
systeminfo
winver
Get-ComputerInfo | Select-Object WindowsProductName,WindowsVersion,OsHardwareAbstractionLayer
Liens officiels
- Docs Windows Server : https://learn.microsoft.com/windows-server/
- Release info (LTSC/AC) : https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/release-health/windows-server-release-info
- Windows Server update history (2025) : https://support.microsoft.com/topic/windows-server-2025-update-history-10f58da7-e57b-4a9d-9c16-9f1dcd72d7d7
Checklist dâinstallation
| Ătape | DĂ©tail | Objectif |
|---|---|---|
| Mode | Server Core / GUI | surface dâattaque vs confort |
| Réseau | IP/DNS/NTP | stabilité AD + services |
| Stockage | OS vs Data séparés | ops + perf + DR |
| Updates | patch initial | réduire risques immédiats |
| Remote | WinRM / Admin Center | admin moderne |
| Sécurité | Firewall + Defender baseline | hardening minimal |

Post-install PowerShell (starter pack)
# 1) Renommer + reboot
Rename-Computer -NewName "WS-CORE-01" -Restart
# 2) Mettre timezone / NTP (ex)
tzutil /s "Romance Standard Time"
w32tm /query /status
# 3) Activer remoting
Enable-PSRemoting -Force
# 4) Updates (selon politique: WSUS/WUfB/SCCM)
# (ex: vérifier config Windows Update)
Get-Service wuauserv
# 5) Firewall: vérifier profils
Get-NetFirewallProfile | Format-Table Name, Enabled
# 6) Defender: état
Get-MpComputerStatus | Select AMServiceEnabled,AntivirusEnabled,RealTimeProtectionEnabled
Cartographie des rĂŽles (vision dâarchitecte)
| RĂŽle | But | Quand lâutiliser | PiĂšges |
|---|---|---|---|
| AD DS | auth & annuaire | entreprise/hybride | design OU/GPO, réplication |
| DNS | résolution | toujours avec AD | zones, forwarders |
| DHCP | IP dynamiques | LAN | scopes, options |
| IIS | hébergement web | apps .NET / reverse proxy | TLS, app pools |
| File Server | SMB, shares | fichiers | NTFS vs share perms |
| WSUS | patching central | parc Windows | stockage/approbations |
Installer un rĂŽle (ex : IIS)
Install-WindowsFeature -Name Web-Server -IncludeManagementTools
Get-WindowsFeature | Where-Object {$_.InstallState -eq "Installed"} | Select Name
Design âcleanâ
- Créer des OU par fonctions (Users / Servers / Workstations / Service Accounts)
- Limiter les droits : âleast privilegeâ, groupes dĂ©diĂ©s
- Stratégie mots de passe & MFA (selon stack)
- DNS/Time = critiques (Kerberos dépend du temps)

Déployer un DC (exemple guidé)
# 1) Installer rĂŽle AD DS + DNS
Install-WindowsFeature AD-Domain-Services -IncludeManagementTools
Install-WindowsFeature DNS -IncludeManagementTools
# 2) Promouvoir en nouveau domaine (ex)
Import-Module ADDSDeployment
Install-ADDSForest -DomainName "corp.local" -InstallDNS
GPO : ce que tu dois savoir expliquer
| ThÚme | Exemples | Bon réflexe |
|---|---|---|
| Security baseline | password policy, lockout | tester sur OU pilote |
| Firewall | rules par profils | documenter exceptions |
| Hardening | disable legacy protocols | inventaire dépendances |
| Software | deploy MSI, scripts | rollback plan |
Ops : commandes utiles
# santé DC (ex)
dcdiag
repadmin /replsummary
# DNS
Get-DnsServerZone
Get-DnsServerResourceRecord -ZoneName "corp.local" | Select -First 30
# utilisateurs (ex)
Get-ADUser -Filter * -SearchBase "OU=Users,DC=corp,DC=local" | Select -First 20
Architecture IIS (mental model)
| Composant | RĂŽle | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Site | binding (host/port/TLS) | multi-sites par serveur |
| App Pool | process isolation | recycle, identities |
| Logs | analyse | rotation + centralisation |
| TLS | sécuriser | protocols/ciphers policy |

Recettes PowerShell (IIS)
# installer IIS
Install-WindowsFeature Web-Server -IncludeManagementTools
# module WebAdministration
Import-Module WebAdministration
# lister sites
Get-Website | Format-Table Name, State, PhysicalPath, Bindings
# créer un site simple
New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path "C:\Sites\MyApp" -Force | Out-Null
New-Website -Name "MyApp" -Port 8080 -PhysicalPath "C:\Sites\MyApp"
# démarrer/stop
Start-Website "MyApp"
Stop-Website "MyApp"
Hyper-V : éléments clés
| ĂlĂ©ment | Description | Bonnes pratiques |
|---|---|---|
| vSwitch | virtual networking | segmentation (LAN/DMZ) |
| VHDX | disques virtuels | storage performant + monitoring |
| Checkpoints | snapshots VM | maintenance courte, pas backup |
| Integration Services | drivers/agents | tenir Ă jour |
# installer Hyper-V
Install-WindowsFeature Hyper-V -IncludeManagementTools -Restart
# lister VMs
Get-VM
# créer un switch (externe)
New-VMSwitch -Name "ExternalSwitch" -NetAdapterName "Ethernet" -AllowManagementOS $true
Permissions : modĂšle simple (Ă expliquer)
| Couche | But | RĂšgle pratique |
|---|---|---|
| Share perms | contrĂŽle âgrossierâ | souvent âFullâ pour groupes IT |
| NTFS perms | contrÎle fin | groupes, héritage, audit |
| DFS | namespace | abstraction, résilience |
Recettes PowerShell
# créer share SMB
New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path "D:\Shares\Public" -Force | Out-Null
New-SmbShare -Name "Public" -Path "D:\Shares\Public" -FullAccess "CORP\Domain Admins"
# lister shares + sessions
Get-SmbShare
Get-SmbSession | Select ClientComputerName, NumOpens, Username
# permissions NTFS (ex)
icacls "D:\Shares\Public"
Baseline âproâ
| ContrĂŽle | Objectif | Exemples |
|---|---|---|
| Patch policy | réduire surface vulnérable | rings + maintenance |
| Least privilege | limiter blast radius | tiers admin, groupes |
| Disable legacy | supprimer dettes | protocoles obsolĂštes |
| Central logs | détection incidents | SIEM/collecteur |
Defender : commandes utiles
Get-MpComputerStatus | Select AMServiceEnabled,AntivirusEnabled,RealTimeProtectionEnabled
Get-MpPreference | Select-Object -First 40
Update-MpSignature
Firewall : contrĂŽler lâexposition
Get-NetFirewallProfile | Format-Table Name, Enabled, DefaultInboundAction, DefaultOutboundAction
Get-NetFirewallRule -Enabled True | Select -First 50 DisplayName, Direction, Action, Profile
Identity hardening
- Admin tiering (séparer admin poste / admin serveur / admin domaine)
- LAPS (mots de passe locaux uniques)
- GPO : lockout policy, restrictions, MFA si stack
Audit & events (investigation)
# logs de sécurité (ex)
wevtutil el | Select-String -Pattern "Security"
Get-WinEvent -LogName Security -MaxEvents 50 | Select TimeCreated, Id, ProviderName, Message
PowerShell = lâadmin âmoderneâ
| Concept | Pourquoi | Exemples |
|---|---|---|
| Objets | plus fiable que grep/texte | Where-Object, Select-Object |
| Remoting | admin Ă distance | WinRM, Enter-PSSession |
| Modules | réutilisable | ActiveDirectory, WebAdministration |
| Runbooks | standard incidents | start/stop, diag, rollback |
# Remoting
Enable-PSRemoting -Force
Test-WSMan localhost
# inventaire rapide
Get-Service | Where-Object {$_.Status -eq "Running"} | Select -First 30 Name, DisplayName
Get-NetTCPConnection -State Listen | Select -First 30 LocalAddress,LocalPort,OwningProcess
# perf
Get-Counter '\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time' -SampleInterval 1 -MaxSamples 5
Stratégie patching (pro)
| Pattern | Principe | Avantage | Risque |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rings | pilot â broad | dĂ©tecter rĂ©gressions | nĂ©cessite monitoring |
| Maintenance windows | fenĂȘtres | prĂ©visible | peut retarder patch |
| Rollback | désinstaller KB / restore | limite impact | préparation obligatoire |
# Historique updates (ex)
Get-HotFix | Sort-Object InstalledOn -Descending | Select -First 20
# Services update
Get-Service wuauserv,bits,cryptsvc | Format-Table Name,Status,StartType
Les 4 axes âSRE Windowsâ
| Axe | Signaux | Outils |
|---|---|---|
| CPU | pics, saturation | PerfMon, counters |
| RAM | paging, memory pressure | PerfMon, Resource Monitor |
| Disk | latence, queue | PerfMon, diskspd (tests) |
| Réseau | drops, retransmits | perf counters + netsh |

Commandes utiles
# events récents (system)
Get-WinEvent -LogName System -MaxEvents 50 | Select TimeCreated,Id,ProviderName,Message
# perf counters (ex CPU)
Get-Counter '\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time' -SampleInterval 1 -MaxSamples 10
# services critiques
Get-Service | Where-Object {$_.Status -ne "Running"} | Select -First 30 Name,Status,StartType
Méthode (toujours)
1) SymptÎme précis + impact + depuis quand
2) Logs (System/Security/App + service logs)
3) Services (status, dépendances)
4) Réseau (DNS, ports, routes)
5) Ressources (CPU/RAM/Disk)
6) Change récent (updates/deploy/GPO)
7) Fix minimal + rollback
8) Post-mortem + prévention
Commandes réflexes
# réseau
ipconfig /all
Test-NetConnection -ComputerName "example.com" -Port 443
Resolve-DnsName example.com
# services
Get-Service | Where-Object {$_.Status -eq "Stopped"} | Select -First 20
sc queryex type= service state= all | more
# disque
Get-Volume | Format-Table DriveLetter,FileSystemLabel,FileSystem,SizeRemaining,Size
# AD (si DC)
dcdiag
repadmin /replsummary
Pattern âcloudâ (pro)
| Principe | Pourquoi | Exécution |
|---|---|---|
| Golden image | reproductible | image + versionning |
| ImmutabilitĂ© | rollback rapide | replace, donât repair |
| Domain join | identité centralisée | hybrid AD/AAD |
| Backup/DR | continuité | snapshots + restore tests |

Bootstrap PowerShell (ex)
# baseline
Enable-PSRemoting -Force
Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Force
# firewall check
Get-NetFirewallProfile | ft Name,Enabled
# inventory
Get-ComputerInfo | Select WindowsProductName,WindowsVersion,OsBuildNumber
Deux stratégies
| Stratégie | Principe | Avantages | Inconvénients |
|---|---|---|---|
| In-place upgrade | upgrade sur place | rapide | risque, rollback dur |
| Side-by-side | nouveau serveur + migration | rollback simple | plus long |
Plan âcleanâ
1) Inventaire : rÎles, services, dépendances, certificats, ports
2) Staging : rĂ©plication de lâenvironnement
3) Tests : fonctionnel + perf + sécurité + monitoring
4) Cutover : fenĂȘtre + rollback
5) Post-migration : durcissement + documentation + runbooks
